A Gardenia For Me

I was never a gardenia fan, for two reasons.

First, I was impressed by my mother's sad story of her own mother's funeral. She was six years old and had never seen a dead person. Her mother was in the casket, her small stillborn baby at her side. Gardenias filled the room, and their heavy scent mingled with the tears and oppressive heat of that day.

"I can't stand the smell of gardenias," my mother often said. "They make me sick to my stomach."

So I never bought a gardenia, out of respect for my mother.

Second, gardenias have a reputation for dramatically dropping dead without cause. So I wasn't interested in planting a gardenia. There are too many other plants to choose from with better reviews.

Then one day my neighbor Betty gave me a cutting from her own healthy specimen, which grew and bloomed reliably every year. I didn't want to offend her, so I took the cutting and put it in a jar of water, thinking I would do my duty until it died. The plant responded by quickly sprouting roots. Okay. Now I had to plant it. I put it at the sunny edge of the woodland garden, a place my mother was unlikely to visit when she came to my house. I didn't expect much from it, and it would not grieve me when it passed away.

That was less than a decade ago, and now my gardenia is about eight feet tall and wide. It has glossy green leaves and lovely white flowers, and the single shrub fills the woodland with its sweet aroma when it blooms every year. I have decided not to be burdened with my mother's memories, and I look forward to the wonderful olfactory experience each June.

Gardenias are also known by the common name 'Cape Jasmine.' They are as southern as iced tea, screened porches and lightning bugs. They like heat and high humidity and will grow in full sun to partial shade. They shouldn't be planted near the foundation of a house or next to a concrete walk, as lime can leach into the soil and harm these acid-loving plants. Ideally, they should get about one inch of rain each week. Gardenias like well-drained, moist soil, and it's a good idea to put an organic mulch at the base to conserve moisture. I use pine straw, which also helps to acidify the soil. I deadhead my shrub after blooming, because this will encourage more flower production. I also don't like the look of the aging flowers, which turn an ugly brown and cling to the branches.

The key to a happy gardenia is to plant it in the right environment. I think it is hard to create the perfect climate artificially, and this probably accounts for its finicky reputation. A stressed gardenia is prone to disease and poor growth.

Don't think, however, that yellow leaves necessarily mean the plant is sick. Gardenias don't loose their leaves during winter and are considered evergreen. But as spring turns toward summer, up to a third of the old leaves will turn bright yellow before they fall. The yellow leaves of my gardenia are aging leaves, about to fall.If newer leaves, near the end of branches, turn yellow, that is another matter. Yellowing of new leaves may mean an iron deficiency, disease or root problems. Mealy bugs and white flies also sometimes attack gardenias. A horticultural oil or insecticidal soap will take care of them. 

I did not love my gardenia from the beginning, but the little cutting my neighbor gave me has won my heart. I now know why this plant has endeared generations of southerners, and I am happy to have one thriving in my garden.

A Hummingbird In My Garden

I was standing on my patio last week when something zoomed past me like a tiny jet aircraft. It was the first hummingbird of the season!Ruby throated hummingbird, public domain photo. Sorry, I didn't have a good photo of my own!

Here in the southeastrern United States we usually see the ruby throated hummingbird. I am fascinated by these little birds which, if they were the same size as a hawk, would be the tyrannosaurus rex of the bird world. I enjoy watching their aerial acrobatics and combat maneuvers as they aggressively defend their favorite flowers or hummingbird feeders. With the ability to fly over thirty-four miles per hour and with an average wing beat of over fifty times per second, hummers are also the only birds that can fly backwards.

They usually pass through my garden later in the summer during their migration to northern Mexico or Central America, but I am hoping that my yard has finally attracted some nesting hummingbirds. The female builds her thimble sized nest on a tree branch and often uses spider silk to bind it together. This allows the nest to stretch a bit as the baby birds grow. By the way, the male doesn't help with parenting at all. Once his part in the fertilization is accomplished, he is off to find more females!

Young birds feed on small insects and spiders, which provide protein for growth. They fatten up on sugar nectar before migration, visiting hundreds of flowers and consuming up to five times their body weight of the sweet stuff daily. This makes me realize how paltry are the few flowers I have. I need to plant more flowers for the hummingbirds!

Hummingbirds love red flowers, but they are drawn to other colors, also. One day last summer I was in my garden, wearing a bright blue shirt with orange and purple blossoms printed across it, when a hummer buzzed me. At first I thought he was attacking me as he dived toward my shoulder several times. Then I realized he thought I was a flower! Attractive flowers are rich in nectar and often have tubular shapes that perfectly accomodate the hummingbird's long, slender beak. The eager bird quickly realized I had neither.

Here are some of the flowers I have planted for hummingbirds:Top: Lantana. Clockwise from above: Penstemon 'Husker's Red', which will have white blooms, and Salvia 'Mesa Azure'; French Hollyhock; Nicotiiana; Autumn Sage

All of the above flowers are just beginning to bloom and will grow and soon become lush. I also have butterfly bush, monarda didyma, and hibiscus which will bloom as the season progresses. Hummers also like the honeysuckle and trumpet vines that grow wild amidst some of my shrubs. Hummingbird feeders help, too. I make a solution of one part white granulated sugar to four parts water. I microwave it for at least six minutes and allow it to cool before filling the feeders. I never use commercial products containing food colors or additives, and I clean the feeders regularly to help prevent the spread of disease. 

I will see more hummers in my garden by July, and the last stragglers will pass through in November. They will fly five hundred miles, non-stop on their southern migration across the Gulf of Mexico. They travel during hurricane season, and I always say a little prayer for them. Hummingbirds live up to a decade and will often visit the same feeders each year. I admire these feisty little birds, and I hope my yard will soon be on their list of favored places.